Minimizing the risk of cold stress and thermoregulation in neonatal Essay

Minimizing the risk of cold stress and ther moregulation in neonatal children - Essay ExampleAny difference from the normal values will influence the biochemical processes and will disturb the natural homeostasis presents within the cells of the human organism.The temperature of the personate is divided in two separate the temperature of the internal organs, known as the core temperature, and skin temperature. The temperature of the internal organs remains almost exactly constant, within a variation of 0.6 0C. Nevertheless, many rose-cheeked people whose temperature has been measured orally have shown a range of normal temperatures, varying from under 36 0C to over 37.5 0C. The average normal temperature of the internal organs is considered to be within the range of 36.6 to 37.5 0C if its measured orally and 1 0C if its measured rectally. Since the temperature regulatory systems of the body are not perfect, the body temperature varies in different situations, such(prenominal) as e xtreme exercise and extremes of temperature of surroundings. For example, during exercise, when excessive come alive is produced, the temperature of the body can rise temporarily to as high as 38.5 to 40 0C. On the different hand, when the body is subjected to extreme cold, the temperature of the body can often fall below 36 0C.The skin temperature, on the other hand, constantly varies, depending on the surroundings. This temperature is important when we top into account the ability of the skin to lose heat to the surroundings. As was stated before, the bodys perfect functioning is dependent on maintain the balance, or homeostasis, in the organism. The get word of body temperature is no different in essence, it confronts a balance between heat production of the body and heat loss. Logically, the rate of heat production that increases more than the loss of heat leads to elevated temperature of the body. If the loss of heat is greater, lowering of body temperature occurs. Heat pr oduction represents the principal by-product of metabolic process. There are various factors that construe the rate of heat production, and these factors combined are named the metabolic rate of the body. According to Guyton and Hall (2000, p.822) the most important factors are the following1) Basal rate of metabolism of all the cells of the body2) Extra rate of metabolism as a result of muscle contraction (this includes muscle contractions caused by shivering)3) Extra metabolism caused by the effect of thyroxin (and to a smaller extend other hormones like growth hormone and testosterone)4) Extra metabolism caused by the effect of epinephrine, norepinephrine and the tender-hearted stimulation of the cells.5) Extra metabolism caused by increased chemical activity in the cells, especially when the cell temperature increases. The main generators of heat in the body represent the internal organs, especially the liver, brain and heart, and in the skeletal muscles during exercise. From these organs the heat is transferred to the skin, where it is lost to the air and other surroundings. According to Guyton and Hall (2000, p.822) the rate at which the body heat is lost is determined by two factors1) How rapidly heat can be conducted from where it is produced in the body core to the skin 2) How rapidly heat can then be transferred from the skin to the surroundings.The insulator system of the body, that prevents the heat from