Leadership Audit Analysis Essay

This set of ejectvasss focus on the hand motion and acquisitions that a draw needs to possess. A science is the world power to use unrivalleds live onledge to do something wholesome. These audits are primal because a attracter can contrive the right character, but non be competent enough to be a supremacy in a specific positioning. In this second analysis Aubrey Malphurs in his parole Being Leaders gives the reader s crimson audits to determine if they halt got the skill set that a Christian leader needs to be impressive in the ministry. Psalm 7872 says that David led his hatful non only with integrity of heart but as well with skillful hands. Malphurs separates the skill audit into relational and problem skills. relational skills are based on the Great Commandment (Matt. 2236-39). If leaders cannot strongly get on with quite a little then they go forth severely hinder their ability to tense those in need. Malphurs says task skills are based on the Gr eat focussing (Matt. 2819-20). These are the abilities used in conveying the message the leader is trying to go through. For a leader to succeed they moldiness effectively memo loss over to communicate to people in the halal manner. This set of audits also get acrosss with the splendour of go to beding peerlesss lead course and core values.A leader must know their take mindset and abilities to determine whether or not they will be a untroubled hold out in a leaders position at a certain(prenominal) locale. Although it is idol who personates leaders in a position the prepared leader is the one with the strength to be most successful. A Relational Skills Audit Relational skills are of utmost importance for everyone in a leadership position especially for a pastor. If a leader is red to be effective they are release to ease up to learn to deal with people and reckon by people. The acetify of deity is too ample for one soulfulness to be able to handle it alone .People grow said, I inter varietyable the ministry it is unspoiled the people I do not like. Ministry is more than than just a crinkle and it is more than handling materials. True ministry is all active r severallying people and watching divinity work in and through them. While no one likes to discipline another mortal it is a necessary task a leader must take on. To be an effective disciplinarian a psyche needs at least(prenominal) two qualities. The maiden is a love for the truth and for what is right. If a someone does not maintenance up a genuine love for what is right, they will be more apt to allow bad behavior to slide.As a leader I am furyate that in that respect is a enlighten way and an in set way to be piss based upon the rule book of God. Secondly, thither must be an authentic love for people. If a leader loves the people he is going to want what is better for their lives even if it involves confronting them ab turn out their problems. God has given me a love for both of these aspects as I deal with faculty and students every day in the position God has situated us in. I thoroughly savour empowering and encouraging other people whom I work with.I take great pleasure in trying to get other people to reach their full potential and to give them the materials to succeed. Many durations I will purposely bewilder someone in a position where they have to get out of their comfort zone so that they might be encouraged to travel to their potential for God. The biggest weakness in this audit would probably be networking. I am a person who likes to be given a job and left alone to do it. I do not forever take the m to servek out others who can tending me execute it. I am also a person who is somewhat an draw in so I shade like I am a bother to ask someone to suffice.I am sure they would assistant if I only took the time and effort to ask. The Task Skills Audit To be able to competently receive a task is a must for anyone who desires longevity in a leadership position. While God is not looking for ability but availability, he does expect the people he calls to complete(a) the talents they do possess. Jesus brought this point out so vividly in the Parable of the Talents in Matthew chapter twenty-five. The person who is perfecting their talent is a person whom people will notice. Solomon said, Seest thou a man diligent in his business? e shall stay before kings he shall not stand before mean men (Proverbs 2229 KJV). The art of prophesy is a task that I have worked enceinte on. When God first called me to preach I was so nervous that I would dry-heave when I got cornerstone the pulpit. I struggled putting together an outline of more than one point. I have, with the serve of the Lord, conquered my fear of standing before people and ministering fretfulnessately, authoritatively, and illustratively. Recently I conducted a survey among students of the good qualities of preachers they listen to on a uns hakable basis.One of my cover version qualities they pointed out was my preparedness. Time management is another one of my strong points. I have learned to reject the good in order to pursue the great. I work a full time job, take two college courses, and preach on Sunday nights therefore, I have had to learn to prioritize my time to be as effective as I can in all areas. I have also learned how to schedule in relaxation time, lest I fall apart. announce is one of my weaker areas. I am not one to impose on someone else, so I have a hard time trying to push a product on anyone.I have learned in past business ventures that I am not a natural salesman. I need to start speaking up more for a product I suppose in alternatively of just portraying it by my example and use of it. The Leadership demeanor Audit Leaders are the ones in front directing how an agreement is being run. The fact is that leaders are doers and what they do is influence. Every leader has a style of influence tha t has an impact on people, so its important that leaders correctly perceive how they influence their followers. When I took this audit I found that I have an Analytical-Director leadership style.I have a desire for Gods work to be do in a quality way. When God created the world he stepped adventure and looked at it, and saw that it was very good (Gen. 131). I believe that Christians ought to have the best materials available and they should produce the best materials possible. As a leader I am also self-disciplined and a self-starter. I am one who sees a job that needs to be through and jumps in and sees that it is accomplished. My weakness would be that I do not enjoy someone looking over my shoulder. If I need help I will gladly seek someone out who has the ability to help me.I would also have to say that there are time when I am cool, distant, and reserved. My other strength is being a director. I not only like to challenge myself to do the best I can, but I enjoy challengin g those around me to step up their efforts and do more for God. I am not afraid to change a policy or procedure if there is a pause way to achieve something. I have learned not to ingest hasty decisions. In order to receive the best outcome I chart the best course to accomplish the task. There are times when I can be bossy, especially when I am emphasize over a mountain of problems that are chain reactor up at once.The Structure Audit Sensing the need of when to take on right has constantly been a strength of mine. I am a person who likes to have a plan to see that tasks are finished. That plan will include a way to get the job done with locoweed of time to spare. I do not enjoy work piling up and trying to complete a responsibility at the get going moment. I know how to put a plan in enjoin and delegate it out so that it is accomplished. When an organization has a combination of a centralized and a decentralized ministry structure it functions the best.I believe in having the best and brightest leaders at the top of the ministry organization. I do sense they should get ahead the most of the decisions. I believe though that those who are encompassing(prenominal) to the situation are on the first line of defense. I think moxie they should report to those in charge with major problems and what they feel is the best origin on key tasks. There should not be a band of red tape. I believe they should work together to see that the task is accomplished in the best way with the leader on top making the final decision.I feel that power is best served when it is shared. If a leader has the right people around them then their span of admit does not have to be as great. There should be teamwork on the top tiers of leadership where everyone is responsible for a certain portion of the work so that no one is bogged down by too many another(prenominal) details and responsibilities. When a team member is bogged down they can commence easily worn down. I do not feel that any certain person has ownership of a certain work. I do believe that there needs to be a strong grit of stewardship in the hearts of the leaders.They need to realize that they have a fleshy responsibility before God for his work. They also have a great accountability to the people who they serve to see that Gods work is carried out efficiently and effectively in the right manner. The Leaders Core economic value Audit The Leaders Core Value Audit is important because a leader will only rise as high as his foundation will allow him. The taller the structure the deeper and stronger the foundation needs to be. It is my desire as a leader to have a solid core that God can use and install upon. The principle of fairness is very important to me.I grew up in a dysfunctional home and have witnessed firsthand what mistreatment consists of. I have seen the negative impact on a person and the suffering they have went through to serve God. I try to fuddle sure that everyone f eels welcomed and that they know that their part of the ministry is making an impact on the bigger picture. As a Christian leader I feel it is extremely important to know the Bible. It is the only book that is alive and changes the reader. It is the sword that God has given us to take the battle to the enemy and to defend the faith that has been delivered to the saints (Eph. 6 Jude 1).It is a command in the Word of God that for a minister to be approved he must know how to study and interpret the Word of God effectively (II Tim. 215). A persons race with the Lord should be the number one priority in biography after that, it should be the leaders family. Paul told Timothy in his search for leaders, For if a man know not how to rule his own house, how shall he take care of the church service of God? (I Tim. 35). If a leader fails in the mission of taking care of their family, which should be nighest to their heart, why should the church trust them to have their best interest in mind?Cultural relevance is an area I can remedy upon. I am effective in ministering to those I am well-known(prenominal) with and share a common background. I need to spend more time studying the cultures of other groups to devise ways to better communicate the gospel with them. The Ideal Circumstances Audit God has a certain place in the ministry for everyone. That is why he gave the church different gifts so it might be wakeless and profitable. It is only when leaders find their God-given place that they can be used and profitable to their fullest extent.God has made each person with different electences and the Ideal Circumstances Audit can help a person narrow their focus to a position where they can fit in more easily. My ideal setting would be in a church that is growing. I am passionate about growth. I do not enjoy being around ministries that are declining. It is my passion to see churches come alive in their outreach vision as well as in the spirituality of their servic es. When people come to church they should be able to have an anticipation that they are going to get supply from the Word of God.They should be excited about coming because there is going to be an atmosphere where the presence of God is going to be in the midst. I would like to pastor a medium size church that is about old. A church of this magnitude is big enough to make a noticeable impact on a community. It is also mild enough where the pastor can have a personal relationship with his assembly. I would like to pastor a church where there is a combination of all ages. A good mixture of ages makes for a healthy church, because each has their own gifts. Children put smiles on peoples faces. unseasoned people add life and energy to the services and outreach of a church. The middle-aged group provides the majority of the workers in the church. The older adults provide the stability and maturity date that a church needs. It does not matter to me what the ethnicity of the members are. I do prefer a church located in the suburbs. This location allows a church to have outreaches in both the inner city and rural areas. The Pastor-Organization belong Audit The Pastor-Organization Audit helps a pastor determine how close their views better half the views of a congregation.The work of the ministry can be difficult under the best situations therefore, it is important that a perspective leader know what they are get themselves into before they commit to a position. While it is God who sends leaders to fulfill positions this audit serves to help the leader prepare a plan for success. In my current position the churchs dictatorial beliefs and mine correspond. This is an authoritative must for any position I take in the ministry. It is hard to stay on the same page if there are doctrinal differences because you are looking through two different types of glasses.Malphurs points out that it would be wise to explore the nonessentials of both the leader and the church . The more the leader and the congregation know about each other the less chance there will be for conflict. I believe that it is important that the leader have the capabilities that the church is lacking. It can be very frustrating for a leader to feel like they are not contributing to the overall success of an organization. It is hard for a leader to put their whole self into something when they feel like someone else can do just as good of a job and that they are just one of many.There are times when there does not appear to be a perfect fit when it is still Gods will for a leader to be there. A church might have plateaued and grown satisfactory and God desires for a certain type of leader to come in and infuse fresh vision and direction. I have also seen churches going through troubles where God sent the right leader there to correct the problem. In both of these situations there was not a perfect fit at first and some people resisted the change. In the end God had his way and the churches prospered. The best thing for a leader to do is make sure they know the voice and plan of God. ConclusionThis set of leadership audit analysis has been eye-opening. I found out that my leadership style is analytical-director. This has clued me in on my strong areas that I can continue to strand up and my weak areas that I need to be more redolent of. I have received a greater desire to pass on the burdens of my heart and ministry into others. I want to see strong leadership become apparent in the lives of my students however, I will not see this to the extent that I want unless I sell it to them with the same passion that the importance of leadership has on me.In order for me to see tenuous leadership produced I ust be in front to show what proper leadership is by example. Children are produced by parents and portray their parents values and personalities. I want my students to produce what I have lived and help propel them to even greater heights. I have not always found myself in the ideal circumstances to be able to follow through what I thought was the best solution to a task at hand, but a good director is able to take a deep breath and submit to the final authority. If there have been repercussions in the outcome of that situation, I have learned to not act self-complacent but help pick up the pieces.When I have been in the final authority position, I have been able to look back and learn from those times when I was a team member and keep those tragedies from reoccurring. I am trying harder learned to fit into the organization that I am presently in and be the team member I need to be to help the organization to run efficiently even when I disagree with certain decisions. I am learning to a greater degree when and how to address issues and when to remain silent when things are not handled properly. It is my desire to reach to be more, do more, and learn more so that I can be as complete of a leader as I can be.

How valid is the view that, “in the period 1796-1870 the most serious barrier to political change in Italy was widespread apathy among the people?

In 1871 Italy became a integrate nation, however in the period of 1796-1870 on that point were m all barriers, which prevented the political change in Italy. The wide public exposure insensibility of the people certainly did feeling the marriage of Italy, however there were other barriers such as the contradictory influences of Austria, the un-organisation of the revolts and the fact that at the beginning the Risorgimento was more(prenominal) for the elitist class. So it is not sound to say that unconcern was the most serious barrier as there were other portions that together made it difficult for Italy to become united.One factor that was circumstancely influential was the provide Austria has over Italy. Austria was a major power at this time with a large empire. During this period there were a number of revolutions across Europe. Austria and Russia were both conservative monarchists that were determined to suppress any patriotic movements as possible as they were worr ied nigh the spread of revolutions affecting their own countries.Austria spread its influence in Italy by initiation members of the Austrian imperial family, the Hasbburgs, to rule in many Italian states. This was employ for a more pro-Austrian attitude and a less patriotic nationalistic attitude to their own country Italy of 1815 was basically under control of the Austrians. Metternich verbalize at the time Italy is only a geographical expression. It is clear that Austria were a major influence and boostered to prevent Italy from developing its own identity therefrom preventing wedlock- which was Austrias main aim.It is true to say that Austria exerting its power over Italy does show the unconcern of the people as they didnt seem to do very much about it, or appear to concerned for virtually time. Less than 3% of Italians verbalize Italian, and as communication wasnt very good it was hard for Italy to feel kindred one unified country as they were so separated. Peoples se nse of ostentation was what was missing in Italy. People were very attached to their own particular region and in a sense were not affected by what happened in other areas of Italy, especially the north-south divide.It could be argued that this un-communication between different areas of Italy proves that phlegm among the people did prevent unification, as the Italians were obviously not prepared for it. as yet if the government gave the public a apprehension to be proud and patriotic, and tending(p) them a sense of unity they probably would have reacted and been more unified.In fact not all Italians did have this apathetic attitude towards unification. in that location were attempts of revolutions in 1820 and 1831, except the force of the Austrians easily crushed these attempts. The Carbonari (1820s) were a reclusive society attempting change but didnt work as there were overly few of them. There are also examples in radical democrats such as Garibaldi and Mazzini that pla yed a big part in the unification process as they really believed in it and managed to spread the message more too the masses.This was another barrier to political change that there was circumstantial support for the attempts at revolution. This was to do with the fact that the Italian people has been direct to believe that democracy was a thing to be feared, and unification whitethorn make Italy worse. Also during the beginning the Risorgimento was more of an elitist phenomenon, where only people of development and urban centres could get to hear about it. There was also a lack of co-ordination and confusion between the different ideologies that proved to make revolutions difficult.The Italian public were also unsure of what type of Italy would result after a revolution has taken place. There was particularism between some Italians and their own states as they may have felt they were better off not unified as it may change things in a way they didnt like. ahead the Crimean war ( 1854-56) there seemed to be little chance of Italian unification as the country was so divided and controlled so greatly by Austria. The Crimean war changed a lot of things in Europe. The war was the resultant reason for the two major powers of Austria and Russia to break their alliance. Russia was humiliated in the war and was un-supported by Austria. Russia felt like it had been denied to be seen as the major power that it was.Russia thereof was un-supportive of Austria and changed its policy, having been before instead conservative, to an attitude favourable of change. With the weakened force of Austria and its engagement to prevent democratic states, people like Garibaldi creating a new nominate patriotic atmosphere among Italians, by 1871 Italy was unified.Overall it is valid to say that the apathy of the Italian people was a barrier to political change. In some ways the apathy of the people was not just because they werent bothered but because the majority did not receive information about the Risorgimento till quite late. However it is more the foreign opposition of Austria that was more of a potent prevention to change that affected the unification process more than the apathy of the people. It was partly due to the domino effect the Austrian influence had that did help to encourage the apathy of the people, as Austrians were so desperate to reduce nationalism they managed to help prevent Italians from feeling a belonging to a country.

New Century Financial Corporation Essay

Summary the mortgage mess happened in 2008 when there was a decreased homing price. However, their mortgage payment by homeowners were soon strikinger than the price of house. As a result, they forced the salvation policy of many mortgage agreements, and let the subprime lenders to realise everywhere their houses. Subprime lender like unused Century became the bankrupt because of the spirited lost associate with the mortgage cancelation. To maintain earning, the management modify the judge of its reserve. However, KPGM, the auditor of the New Century is question of their work. KPMG lost its independence callable to its afraid of lost backing.1.The advantages include better accord of the indus shew, lower price because of the reduced amount of work on evaluate the industry, gain great amplification when the industry is going up, and early recognition of the industry expressive style because of the shared instruction from dissimilar companies. The disadvantages include risk of loss profit when the industry go down, create a mind set of doing audit that can be bias, 2.They need to ensure the information gathered by the prior team is properly communicated and understand by the pass on over team. As a result, it results in the saving of the time and effort of the take over team to spend. It also gave the new team a different point of view as well as better understanding of the company. on the other hand, they also need to ensure the work look of the taker over team will not be reduced.3.Significant deficiency A strong deficiency is a tick deficiency, or combination of control deficiencies, that adversely affects the entitys ability to initiate, authorize, record, process, or report financial info reliably in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles such(prenominal) that there is more than a inappropriate likelihood that a misstatement of the entitys financial statements that is more than inconsequential will not be prevented or encountered. Material weakness A material weakness is a significant deficiency, or combination of significant deficiencies, that results in more than a remote likelihood that a material misstatement of the financial statements will not be prevented or detected. SAS 112 requires the auditor to communicate control deficiencies that are significant deficiencies or material weaknesses in internal control.Significant deficiencies or material weaknesses must be communicated in writing to management and those in charge of judicaturefor example, to the audit committee of the boardno later than 60 days following the report release date. Unqualified Opinion can be issued when internal control over financial describe is effective no material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting exist as of the fiscal year-end assessment date. 4.The procedures to audit key accounting estimates include considering the relevance, reliability, and sufficiency of the data and factors used b y management, evaluating the depth and consistency of the assumptions, and re-performing the calculations made by management. 5.The GAAS require an auditor to exercise due(p) professional care, to adequately plan its audit, to sufficiently understand a businesss internal structure, and to obtain sufficient evidence to reach credible conclusions.KPMG allegedly failed to adhere to the GAAS by having an inexperienced audit team, failed to challenge New Century management for unreasonable estimates failed to test the repurchase reserve despite evidence of internal control weaknesses and apparently inaccurate estimates of outstanding repurchase requests and failed to raise deficiencies and inaccuracies in New Centurys accounting practices or internal controls. 6. Although the authorizeors are complaining that they should be liable for the lost because they did not actively participate in the mortgage market. It is true that they did nothing wrong, just they need to identify this ri sk when they invest.Investor does not have enough information about the market trend that should be provided. As a result, they invest the money base on the outdated information. There is no port for them to identify the threat of their investment. 7.1) auditor need to maintain independence from their work, resort of independence can lead to a bias conclusion, which cannot be certain upon. KPMGs afraid to lost New Century as a client lead them to issue a report in choose of the management. 2) do not employ inexperience auditor, especially when the company is in its hard time. Inexperience auditor will cause mistake of their work. keep company in hard time have a incentive to mystify fraudulent statement, and inexperience auditor are not able to detect them. 3) be aware when the company going down. The management may try to management the earning in order to meet estimates.

Transition to a New Cultural Environment

discipline on Culture Introduction of Information At almost point in life spate deliver a stopping point as an outsider by moving from single farming to another. In the human being today there are so many una ilk refinements and not ane of them is found to be the like. kinda they all bind something that touch ons them unique, whether its wording or even the clothes they stomach and their behavior as well. The differences they convey is what separates them from one another and who ever joins that finale must break d avouch accustomed to their way of life.For example, today there are many good deal immigrating to the United States to start a in the buff and break dance life. What they soon begin to realize is that its a whole refreshing world out there and in order to survive they have to cut accustomed to the crude way of life which is much unlike from their lives before. Background and Signifi jakesce of the Problem According to Dewiel (2005), the idea of c ulture has changed all over the years. He states that the history of culture is as followed, Although today we think of the good deals of the world throughout history in terms of their cultures, the idea of culture is a relatively recent idea.Before modernity began in astir(predicate) the seventeenth and 18th centuries, multitude in Europe saw themselves not as participants in various cultures but as pieces of competing religions. With the secularizing trends of early modernity, social scientific ideas began to replace religious terms in the self-understanding of Europeans. (para. 4) Statement of the Problem Adjusting to a different culture can be difficult for just about anyone. What is necessity for one to recover at denture in a virgin culture? Many heathenish barriers must be turn to before a someone can feel at home with a new culture.Many misuses can be taken to supporter with the differences a somebody my experience in a different culture. Purpose The purpose of this paper is to inform the reader of different step in which can be taken to help one feel at home in a new culture. Many actions can be taken to help ease the transition to a cultural environment. Definition of Terms Culture comprises the values, beliefs, and norms that are shared by a group of people, such as a racial or ethnic minority. Culture influences how people think about, act on, and see the world. (Ramirez & Soto, 2006, para. 2) Preview more or less the world people poses all different kinds of culture. How do we as outsiders conk out a part of the people and become a welcome member of different cultures? The writer bequeath explain different methods of adapting to a new culture. These steps could be taken to make one feel at home with a different culture. How to Accustom to New Culture savvy History Behind e very(prenominal) culture lies a history. A individual must ask themselves why the people of this culture follow their beliefs, customs, and poses trusted values. For a mortal to truly find out the real history behind a culture, a person must ask the people of the culture.Its the only way to find the true history. Once a person understands the history of a culture, they can begin to practice the same customs the culture already practices. Benefits Discovering the history can be very beneficial. Knowing the history of a culture means knowing where the culture came from. This could result in the people of the culture to accepting a person as one of their own. This will definitely better chances of making the culture feel like home. Summary If a person wants to feel at home in a new culture, they must first do some research first.Researching the history behind a culture with help a person better adapt to a culture. This will to a fault help people within the culture accept you as one of them because you know the roots of the culture. Learning the Language Another method to adapting to a new culture is learning their language. This will help a person get in touch better with the people of the culture. Although people may be adapted to speak the same language they could understand or find manner of speaking differently, because the same words may mean different things to various persons.That is why its all important(p) for a person to learn the cultures language and how they interpret words. A person must have patience when learning a new language. It is very important for one not to get mint on their selves for the simple fact that this could discourage the learning process. It takes everyone some season to adjust and become comfortable with a new language. A person should begin to learn a few common words or phrases. Results Leaning the language will connect a person to the people of a different culture.This gives a person the ability to socialize with the people of a culture. The people will also be able to get to know and understand this new outsider and it would be greatly appreciated by them. Summary A djusting to a new culture can be difficult as well as foreclose. Its important to have patience thought the process of adapting to a new culture. Leaning the language of a culture could ultimately bring you closer to the people of the culture. Therefore, it is essential to the process of making the new culture feel like home. take in similaritiesLastly, the writer believes if a person tries to find things that are similar to their own culture, then the transition would not be so difficult. For example, similar foods that the new culture eats that is similar to the culture a person came from could definitely make someone feel at home. Food is comfort, and as a result, its a good idea to stick with what is familiar and lenify open to adapting new foods. Music could also be a get similarity between ii different cultures. Hearing music that reminds a person of where they came from makes it easier to accepting a new culture.Result Finding similarities helps a person accept a differen t culture. It makes someone feel at home with a new culture. A person could discover that their two cultures could possibly have a lot in common. Summary Adapting to a new culture can be very difficult and at times, frustrating. Finding similarities between a persons current culture and a new one could help make the new culture feel like home. It is necessary for a person to figure out what the enjoyed best from their culture and compare this to the new culture. Conclusions and RecommendationsFurthermore, many steps should be taken in order for a person to feel at home in a new culture. Understanding and becoming a part of a new culture can be very difficult and frustrating at times. First of all, the writer feels it is essential for the person to do some research and find out the history behind the new culture. This will give the person a better understanding of why the people of the new culture practice certain customs and traditions. Another urgency includes learning the languag e of the culture. Even if this culture speaks the same language, words talent be interpreted differently.This could help a person better connect with the people of a different culture. Last step the writer feels is necessary when adapting to a new culture is finding similarities between cultures. Doing this could definitely make a person feel at home in a new culture. All steps should be carefully considered when entering a new culture. propagations Dewiel, B. (2005). Cultural Diversity. In R. P. Carlisle (Ed. )Encyclopedia of Politics, 1(pp. 115-117) Thousand Oaks, CA Sage Reference Retrieved March 12, 2009, from Gale Virtual Reference Library via Gale http//go. galegroup. com. prx-01. lirn. et/ps/start. do? p=GVRL&u=lirn_main Ramirez, S. Z. & Soto, J. (2006). Cultural Barriers. In Y. Jackson (Ed. )Encyclopedia of Multicultural Psychology, (pp. 127-129) Thousand Oaks, CA Sage Reference Retrieved March 12, 2009, from Gale Virtual Reference Library via Gale http//go. galegroup. com . prx-01. lirn. plunder/ps/start. do? p=GVRL&u=lirn_mainBerens, L. V. , Cooper, S. A. , Ernst, L. K. , Martin, C. R. , Myers, S. , Nardi, D. , et al. (2001). Quick guide to the 16 personality types in organizations Understanding personality differences in the workplace. Huntington Beach, CA Telos.

A Brief History of the Jews of Brazil Essay

The history of Jews in brazil is a unique case, because we do non know of many another(prenominal) other countries in which they have been significantly portray in the very first movements of that nationrsquos history, perpetually participating in its economic and social phylogeny. In fact, since the ldquodiscoveryldquo of brazil to the present time, the Jews, almost without interval, openly or disguised, have been integrated into the processes of formation of brazil nutian nationality.My aim in this paper is to provide a summary of Judaic history in brazil by highlighting four major(ip) historical periods The First Lusitanian Period (1500-1630) The Dutch Period (1630 -1654) The heartbeat Lusitanian Period (1654-1822) and The worldwide Period (1822-1966). br / The First Portuguese Period (1500-1630)br / ?When Portugal was at the height of its expansion in the world, in 1500, brazil nut was ldquodiscoveredrdquo by the kingdom. It was hence simply military glory, coupligh t-emitting diode with the desire to lard the Catholic faith, that compel take the Portuguese to their grand maritime expeditions (Grinberg 15).But just these reasons solely would not have sufficed to promote the extraordinary expansion of Portugal. The spectacular cycle of the Portuguese conquests would not have been achieved without the long period of scientific discoveries and make betterments that preceded it, in which the Iberian Jews played such a key role. As a prime example of this involvement, in Henry the Navigatorrsquos quotNautical School of Sagresquot, the first Portuguese academy of seafaring(founded in 1412), was employed 1 of the most famous cartographers of the fifteenth century, the Judaic Yehuda Cresques, whose main task was to teach Portuguese pilots the basics of navigation well as the production and handling of nautical instruments (Serebrenick and Lipiner 7).br / ?The Judaic contri hardlyion to the discovery of new routes and new lands to the Portuguese crown was not limited only to the scientific field, however, alone in like manner translated into direct employment in these dangerous travels, including the expedition that resulted in the discovery of brazil nut. The fleet led by Pedro Alvares Cabral, included at least three Jewish advisers the uranologist Master John, Pedro Nunes the navigator, and Gaspar de Lemos, an interpreter and ship commander, rightly regarded by historians as part responsible for the discovery of Brazil (Serebrenick and Lipiner 9).br / ?With increasing incentives of the Portuguese governing towards the occupation and settlement of the Brazilian territory, more and more Iberic Jews began migrating to Brazil. Because the wealthier Portuguese and Spanish Jews sustained a lot of the territoryrsquos early economic progress, they were able have a go at it considerable freedom of worship and custom (Grinberg 21).This panorama of security deposit contrasted precipitously with the wafture of hatred and di scrimination that swept Portugal, where, alike neighboring Spain, persecution was widespread. It is so understandable that many Jews of 1 / 3 Portugal, affected by overpower religious persecution, felt compelled to try a new life in Brazil,which to them seemed like a safe haven where they could materialize their aspirations for peace and freedom. br / ?The Jewish community, thanks to strong immigration and natural growth, reached a logical proportion in comparison with the general population, enough to counter the take a chance of assimilation. Around 1570, however, things took a turn for the worse, as on that point began to appear signs of restrictions on freedom, which only grew with time (Serebrenick and Lipiner 12). The circumstances soon forced the Jews to return, much like those in the motherland, to a life of great caution and alertness. The first prescribed manifestation of intolerance was found in 1573 in the city of Salvador, which installed an auto-de-fe. Paradoxic ally, only perhaps on purpose, the first victim was not a Jew, but a Frenchman who was accused of heresy, condemned and burned alive.In Bahia, the Inquisition persist ined (though inactive for many years) until 1593 (Grinberg 29). br /?In 1618, Bahia was the target of a new visitation of the blessed Office, during which time many Marranos were reported and pursued, among them many wealthy men of the net income mills. This fact that prompted the first large wave of immigration of Jews within Brazil they left the Northeast in search of the more tolerant South, oddly the captaincy of Satildeo Vicente (Satildeo Paulo), which was the most liberal region (Serebrenick and Lipiner 15).Because of the growing persecution of Jews in Portugal in the outlast decades of the sixteenth century, they began to emigrate not only to Brazil but also, inlarge numbers, to several(prenominal) countries of atomic number 74ern Europe, especially to Holland, where flourishing trade and religious tolera nce prevailed (Grinberg 32). This allowed for the rapid formation of a large Jewish community, centered in the city of Amsterdam, rightly nicknamed the quot unsanded Jerusalemquot.The simultaneous emigration of Portuguese Jews to Brazil and the Netherlands, led to the establishment of a commercial and affective link between the Jews of Brazil and those of Holland (Serebrenick and Lipiner 15). br / The Dutch Period (1630-1654)br / ?The hope of the Brazilian Jews that their lot would improve due to some form of Dutch intervention did not fail. by means of a series of attempts at the conquest of the Brazilian Northeast in the years 1624 to 1627, the Dutch finally succeeded on February 15, 1630. The city of Pernambuco was attacked by a powerful fleet of 70 ships, effectively beginning the occupation of the Northeast, which would last until 1654.The years of peaceful Dutch rule were few, but enough to modify the Jews to rapidly flourish economically, socially and culturally, building i n Northeast Brazil one of the most thriving communities of the time (Grinberg 35). br / ?With the advent of the Dutch and the consequent deployment of a great religious tolerance, the landscape was changing. Uninterrupted waves of Jews flocked to Pernambuco from several countries, especially from Holland, bringing commercial experience and a wonderful olfactory sensation of achievement.These Jews from the Netherlands ndash who were largely former refugees from Portugal,Spain and France had the further advantage of speaking several languages Spanish, French, Ladino, Dutch, anyway the most important, Portuguese, which was the language spoken in Brazil (Grinberg 35). A great number of them served as interpreters for the thousands of men in the Dutch army and navy, consisting of mercenaries Dutch, English, French, German, burnish and others who did not speak Portuguese. From simple interpreters, they increasingly became businessmen, merchants and landowners, coming to, in effect, about control the economic life of Brazilrsquos New Holland. The main street of Recife (in Pernambuco) was cognise as quotStreet of the Jewsquot and the port was called quotpier of the Jewsquot (Serebrenick and Lipiner 17). br /.The Second Portuguese Period (1654-1822)br / ?With the get back of Recife and subsequent surrender of the Dutch, the Jewish community in northeastern Brazil became largely scattered. A small portion of the people resigned to staying in the country, dispersing through and through its territory, while the majority opted for emigration. Of these, one group consisting of the richest and probably most committed in the Netherlands decided to return to Holland, while most preferred to nerve the unknown, venturing into more distant stops throughout 2 / 3 the the Statess Guyana, West Indies and New Netherlands in the United States.Numerous Jewish settlements began to appear to the North, one of which would eventually lead to the extraordinary Jewish community o f the United States of America (Grinberg 52). In North America, a group of 23 Jewswho left Recife instantly after its fall, camped on September 12, 1654, on the margins of the Hudson, in the village of New Amsterdam (now New York). br / ?As already mentioned, the exodus that took gravel after the expulsion of the Dutch did not cover the entire Jewish population of Northeast Brazil, since a good number of Marranos resolved to remain on the land they had learned to love.These remaining Jews eventually were able to peacefully spread throughout Brazil, including in areas of the Northeast itself, minimizing the appearance of their Jewish rail line (Serebrenick and Lipiner 23). Unfortunately, the flames of persecution were to be once again fanned by the Inquisition. This new wave of terror unfolded for about 70 years, especially violent in the periods 1707 to 1711 and from 1729 to 1739, do the first half of the seventeenth century perhaps the darkest period of Jewish history in Brazil (Serebrenick and Lipiner 26).Only after 1770 would the conditions come to typeset that would forever eradicate the cancer of the Inquisition. To this day no one knows for certainly how many Jews from Brazil fell victim to the Portuguese Inquisition. br / The Cosmopolitan Period (1822-1966)br / ?Once the country was made independent from the Portuguese crown, in 1822, full freedom of conscience was established. In the second half of the century, Jews from mingled countries of Western Europe French, English, Austrians and Germans ndash began to come in force to Rio de Janeiro and its neighboring states, especially in Sao Paulo and Minas Gerais(Serebrenick and Lipiner 31).Another large group emigrated from Morocco to the amazon region. The two settlements the Amazon region and Rio de Janeiro did not seem keep any significant relations and had, moreover, some different characteristics (Grinberg 61). The Amazon community was more stable, while in the South, the Jews originating i n Western Europe came in order to flourish and and then return to their country of origin, although many would end up staying in Brazil (Grinberg 61). br /?In the last decade of the nineteenth century Jewish immigration grew, multiplying the diversity in countries of origin and also the in regions where immigrants came to settle. Whereas until then the Jewish immigrants came almost exclusively from North Africa and Western Europe, now there were waves of Jewish immigrants from the Eastern Mediterranean Greece, Turkey, Syria, Lebanon and Palestine as well as Russia and neighboring countries.These settled mostly in the Southeast (Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo and Minas Gerais), but also spread out in smaller groups to many other states, two to the South and Northeast. br / ?Though the scope has been very limited and many details necessarily left out, I have sought to bemuse a brief account of Jewish life in Brazilian history. The history of Jews in Brazil is a long and honorable hist ory, extend undoubtedly suffering, but also full of success, translated into positive and fundamental contributions to the development of the country and the training of its people ndash and that history that is still being written. / automobile trunk /html POWERED BY TCPDF (WWW. TCPDF. ORG).

Organisation and Behaviour Essay

Organizational bodily expression quite a little be described as the framework in which an make-up operates. There be three main types of organizational complex body part working(a), divisional and matrix organize.A functional structure is set up so that for each one shell out of the organization is concourseed according to its purpose. In this type of organization, for example, there may be a marketing department, a sales department and a production department. The functional structure works very well for abject businesses in which each department can rely on the gift and knowledge of its workers and support itself. However, one of the drawbacks to a functional structure is that the coordination and communion between departments can be restricted by the organizational boundaries of having the assorted departments working separately.A divisional structure typic every(prenominal)y is used in larger companies that operate in a wide geographic expanse or that have sep arate small organizations within the umbrella group to cover divers(prenominal) types of products or market aras. For example, the now-defunct Tecumseh Products Company was organized divisionallywith a small engine division, a compressor division, a move division and divisions for each geographic area to handle specific needs. The benefit of this structure is that requirements can be met rapidly and more specifically however, communication is inhibited because employees in different divisions are non working together. Divisional structure is pricy because of its size and scope. Small businesses can use a divisional structure on a smaller scale, having different offices in different parts of the city, for example, or assigning different sales aggroups to handle different geographic areas.A matrix structure is a hybrid of divisional and functional structure. Typically used in large multinational companies, the matrix structure allows for the benefits of functional and divisional structures to exist in one organization. This can arrive at power struggles because most areas of the company get out have a treble focal pointa functional manager and a product or divisional manager working at the same level and practical application some of the same managerial territory.Organizational structure is closely related to farming. Culture refers to the deep-seated beliefs, values and norms that represent the unique character of an organization and also the shared goals and visions for the people in the organization. Organizational structure and culture are difficult to separate as they are intertwined and dependent on each other. Arguably, Greenscape operates a matrix structure.Organizational structure can be described as the framework in which an organization operates. How its tasks are delegated and its leading structure i.e. its lines of authority and communication. Organization structure determines how information flows between different levels of management and employees. How roles, power and duties are delegated controlled and coordinated. The structure an organization chooses is dependent on its objectives and the strategy employed to achieve them. Pre-globalization most organizations had a centralized structure where the power was concentrated at the top. With globalization we has seen a shift in many organizations to a more decentralized structure where decision do is more participative and decision making is power is shared and more self-reliance is given to divisions and departments. The motif of the individuals goals and aspirations, needs met in one, and non the organization what drives us in life and in business in particular, managerial tasks to recognize the individual motivations and management tools are linked to organizational goals with individual can move resources to achieve organizational goals.Lawler (1981) implore that the factors find out the balance motivation the efforts and expectations concerning perform ance relationship and the perceived attractiveness of recompense. These factors are simply related links to each other, where each link is irrelevant. If an employee receives a job, which is calculated as a challenge to your skills, and be able to murder this task successfully with very nice rewarded, so trying to maximize the performance. If, however, the challenges we face are too big or too small, it will not sufficiently able to feel, or to solve the problem for the reward is not attractive enough, and it will not be effective enough. Youll be cause and do not feel the job is important it is not going to make an effort to get the best out of the employee. leading is the backbone for the success of an organization. Normally there are four types of leading styles, which are Autocratic, Participative, Delegative and Free Reign. These leadership styles have different effectiveness in different circumstances.Differences and similarities between the leadership styles of Max Worthy and Brenda HoganWe can argue that Max Worthy was operating in a free harness/autocratic leadership styles where everyone had to mind its admit business. Brenda Hogan was a manager utilize a participative management approach. The participative approach will promote integrity, great observance skills and high emotional intelligence. It also promotes openness to effective communication. Hogan wanted to withdraw everyone in taking part at the formulation of decisions that affected them. She created the milieu for the staff to learn from each other and acquire refreshed skills, peculiarly managerial. In contrast, Max Worthy dictated what needed to be through with(p) to staff from a distant office. Employees became accustomed to his practices and were reluctant to adopt the peeled approach from Hogan. Hogan leadership style can inspire her entire team to achieve excellence by example. Her hard work and caring genius set an example for all her coworkers.Management takes place w ithin a structured constitutional setting with prescribed roles. It is directed towards the achievement of aims and objectives through influencing the efforts of others. under is a discussion of three well known management theories. immaculate management theoryIt puts emphasis on structure and prescriptive what is comfortably for firms. One of the advantages of the classical management structure is a clear organizational structure with distinct management levels. Each management group has its own objectives and responsibilities as there is division of labour. Projects are broken down into smaller tasks that are easy to complete and employees responsibilities are clearly defined. This approach allows workers to alter in one specific area and leads to increased productivity. Employees are motivated by monetary rewards (a fair day pay for a fair day work). The leadership style is autocratic. Managers direct the employees and all decisions are made at the top level and communicated down. This is the case for the management style adopted by Max Worthy.Human Relations Theoriesserious music theorists were concerned with structure and mechanics of organizations. But human relation theorists were concerned with the human factors at work. This was undoubtedly the management style adopted by Brenda Hogan. The human relations theory focus is on motivation, group motivation and effective leadership. At the heart of this theory is the relationship between employer and employee. tally to the Human relation theory peoples needs are decisive factors in achieving an organisations objectives. Individuals cannot be treated in isolation, but function with group members.Contingency TheoriesFrom the late 1950s, a new approach to organisation theory was developed which became known as hazard theory. According to this theory, there is no one best way to structure an organisation. When deciding on how it should be structured, how it should be organized and how it should be manag ed, an organisation will face a range of choices. Successful organisations adopt becharm structures in response to a number of variables, or contingencies, which influence two the needs of the organisation and how it works. Theorists in favour of the contingency approach press a diagnosis of people/ task/ technology/environment thence suggest the development of appropriate solutions (e.g. Pugh).

Is 533 Homework 4

IS 533 HOMEWORK 4 BY AHMET CAN AYKUT (1835917) 1. What is meant by a type versus a bother? Relate these ideas to the case. (5 points) In the erudition signifier of the determination Making Process, the end maker, Elena, attempts to check into whether a trouble exists, identify its symptoms, determine its magnitude and explicitly define it. What is described as a trouble whitethorn only be a symptom, or measure, of a problem. In the case, MMS sales argon off by 10 percent, which is the main problem.In the cognition physical body, the CEO calls the Board of Directors to search through the procedures in order to situate and classify the problem. She consults Directors to reach the main reason for the problem or to take note the real problem which the off-sales argon symptoms of it. 2. Why is problem possession so classic? (5 points) A problem exists in an ecesis only if soul or about group takes on the responsibility of attacking it and if the organization has the abili ty to solve it.The assign manpowert of authority to solve the problem is called problem ownership. When problem ownership is not established, except for professional employees, thither reduce out be an uncertainty of who is responsible to solve the problem and role diffusions/shifting, t repealency to avoid form responsibility may occur easily. occupation ownership ensures accountability. 3. Even though the problem was not place at the end of the intelligence phase, what was? (5 points) Effects were identify and problem ownership was established. Effects of the problem . Rentals did not increase while the total commercialize did. (CMO) 2. Sales are dropping fastest on primary markets. (CFO) 3. announce expenditures are up. GMC Spiders should be a hot seller but they are off by 50 percent. All the new elevator cars came on in on enrolment and inventory is OK from CLAUDIA. (CEO) 4. Half of the GMC Spiders are rented although some local agencies rear the prices 15 percent les s. Rentals are down 8 percent nationally on the other classes of cars. (COO) riddle Ownerships COO assumes the ownership of the problem.CIO testament pure t sensation at the underlying structures and parameters of the forecasting models (for weird economic trends or events) CMO will look into the publicize for remote events, trends or reports on the cars that could affect the rentals 4. How was the role phase performed in this case? (10 points) Search and S footning Procedures 1. The problem disputation has not been clearly stated. So the next step is the investigation of symptoms. 2. A collaboration group is formed with analysts from different departments Operations and Marketing.selective information Collection 3. Databases of useable and Economic Data were checked by data mining tools races and assumptions in the forecasting models and RMS were verified artificial spooky networks, clustering analysis algorithms and statistical regression models were also benefited. It was noticed that the neural networks outperformed the regression- ground transcriptions a bit. 4. An information system and marketing group was set up to look into how they could improve the regression-based models with neural networks. 5.An e-meeting was held to decide on what they were going to do next and sharing information. Problem Identification 6. After the meeting OLAP (Online Analytical Processing) software was utilise to stinger multidimensional data. The group noticed a slight inverse relationship with sales and advertising and the followings a. There is a problem in the distribution. everywhere half of the cars are in the wrong places. b. GMC Spider was entered to the system as a four-seat compact with two doors. System automatically decides this car warning for a small family or a single telephone line person.This decisiveness rent well rent in Midwest in the lowly markets but badly in the convention areas where in that location are men and women who like to re nt sporty cars. Problem Statement /Search for Alternatives/ bring out Models 7. After further analysis and investigation the real problems and alternatives were stated a. Data Accuracy Problem? Profile of the spider should be changed to a sports car from a compact car. b. Inventory Imbalance Problem-? 15 percent of the guide should be moved to vicarious markets. All the Spiders should be moved from secondary to primary markets.Some of minivans and full-size cars should be moved to secondary markets. Secondary market demand should be pushed by adjusting advertisement. c. Advertising Imbalance-? Customer locations should be identified well to determine what to advertise where. d. Try before you buy scarper should be campaign should be established in the secondary markets. e. In secondary markets people want full size cars. Company advertising features Spider but not the other types of cars. (Advertise backfire problem)-? Substitutes for the Spider should be discounted. f.Florida h ead park demand Florida theme parks are advertising in Europe because the euro is economically stronger than the dollar. -? Advertising in Europe, either with the theme parks or separately, should be increased. 5. The choice phase seemed like a combination of design, choice, and implementation. Is this a problem? (10 points) Both it is a problem and not. It is not a problem because in intelligence, design and choice steps there are feedback points which are Validation of the model, revision of criteria for choice, evaluation of risk and rank the alternatives verification, testing of proposed upshot.It is a problem because the intricate structure of phases may continue the choice phase and cause missing the business opportunities. Organizational responses to result implementations may be slower so that verification and testing of the solution, the sensibility analysis and plan for implementation may take some cartridge holder so that phases may become intricate. besides sub op timization and satisficing are potential threats for decision devising. 6. The implementation phase seemed to involve elements of all the phases. Is this a problem? (10 points)It is not a problem because in case of distress all the remaining 3 phases should be revised until the solution is succeeded. hence it is hard to implement a solution successfully at the beginning trial. Making a decision, carrying out a project requires a plan-do-check cycle to get the best. It is a problem because the intricate structure of phases may elongate the implementation phase and cause missing the business opportunities and not adapting the business environment. 7. How were new problems or opportunities handled as they arose? 10 points) New problems (Data inaccuracy, Inventory Imbalance, Advertising Imbalance) and new opportunities (Discounting substitutes Florida Theme Park Demand and Try Before You bargain Campaign) were handled by identification, problem ownership and implementation. 8. Why do you suppose some alternatives were either modified or postponed? (10 points) First of all, alternatives should be prioritized to decide what to run lowing line and which one is more/less important than the others there is a straight relation between the alternatives whether the 3rd alternative hobonot be achieved before finish the 2nd.In the ratiocination Making Process in each phase there may be updates and changes that may affect the alternatives until the solution is succeeded. All alternatives heapnot be applied simultaneously. 9. How locoweed computerized DSS stand up the management at each set of the Simons Decision Making Model? In which phase is the major section of made? Why? (15 points) Decision tolerate Systems may comprise one or more of the systems mentioned below, which are beneficial in decision making phases. Lets consider each phase separately Intelligence PhaseWeb tools and sources are profitable for environmental scanning. Web browsers entrust OL AP, data mining and data warehouses. Data warehouses continuously monitors internal and external information, looking early signs of problems and opportunities through an enterprise information portal (i. e. dashboard). Also web mining, Expert Systems, Management Information Systems, Artificial Neural Networks, transmissible Algorithms and other Automatic Decision Making systems also support this phase by identifying relationships among activities and other factors.Geographical Information Systems can be utilized so that the decision maker can determine opportunities and problems in a spatial sense. CRM systems can identify classes of customers to approach with specific products and services. Knowledge Management Systems can be used to identify similar past situations and how they were handled. Group Support Systems can be used to share information and brain storming. telephone circuit Activity Monitoring, Business Process Management and Product Life roulette wheel Management can also appropriate decision makers the capability of observe the current status of operations.Expert Systems can render advice regarding the nature of the problem, its classification, seriousness and the like. They can advise on the suitability of a solution approach and the likelihood of successfully solving the problem. OLAP tools are excellent tools for routine and ad-hoc reporting. Design Phase This phase involves generating alternative courses of action, setting criteria for choices and their relative importance and forecasting the futurity consequences of exploitation various alternatives. OLAP and data mining software are helpful in identifying relationships that can be used in models.CRM, Revenue Management, attempt Resource Planning and Supply Chain Management Systems can provide models that can test assumptions and scenarios. GSS and cognitive mapping tools can help identifying important issues and options. Risk analysis can also be carried out in this phase. Choice Ph ase DSS can support this phase through what if and determination seeking analyses. Different scenarios can be tested for the selected option to repay the final decision. KMS can help identify similar past experiences.CRM, ERP and SCM systems are used to test the impacts of decisions in establishing their value. ES can be used to assess the desirability of certain solutions and recommend an appropriate solution. GSS can support to lead to consensus in a group decision. Implementation Phase DSS can be used in implementation activities like decision communication, history and justification. BAM, BPM, PLM, KMS, CRM, SCM, ERP and EIS are useful in tracking how well an implementation is working. GSS is useful for team collaboration for implementation effectiveness.ES can be used as an advisory system regarding implementation problems. Also they can provide information that may smooth the course of implementation. A CRM Systems can identify classes of customers to get rid of unprofitab le customers so that implementation can be focused on profitable customers. Also they report and update internal records, based on the impacts of the implementation so that new problems and opportunities can be identified and one or more of the Decision Making Phases can be revisited. In Intelligence phase the major contribution is made. 10.What is the contribution of use Simons model for rational decision making for the analysis of this case? (20 points) Decision Making is a process that the Decision Maker should know what, why, when, where, how and with whom to start and how to proceed. Defining, categorizing and modeling the steps of decision making and systematically working on them is crucial. Since humans have a limited capacity for rational thinking, we melt down to construct and analyze a simplified model of a decision making process. Simons model serves as a principal black print, a basic guide.According to the problem complexity the decision maker can elaborate on the model and improve the phases according to the problem complexity and solution requirements. For example in the design phase normative, descriptive and nonmathematical descriptive models, scenarios can be benefitted specifically. Simons model reminds us that such models may/should be used primarily in the design phase. For example HP developers consider three phases in developing a model (See 2. 1 Opening Vignette Decision Modeling at HP using Spreadsheets) Problem Framing, Actual Design and stickment of the Tools and Handoff.Each of these phases has sub phases like Problem Framing has Will analytics solve the problem? , Can an existing solution be leveraged? and Is a tool inviteed? Design and Development of the Tools has Develop a prototype as quickly as possible, found Inside, not black boxes , etc. HP is a major producer of computers, printers and industrial products. They formed this model to solve their repeating business problems. Simons model can also be adapted to HPs decision modeling processes but their model is much specific and ready-to-use because of their need for agility.

Contextual role in lifespan dvelopment

Lifespan learning is the process by which privates go through and through a series of stages that unfold sensation after the other. Development applies to both the sensible and non-physical dimensions. Almost all individuals agree that physical growth stops at certain points. However, there is a lot of contention about where the publishing of individualality nurture stops. Many authors have used descriptions such as adulthood, inner unity and self actualization in attempts to describe where this development ends. However, these definitions are all linked to certain cultural or historic aspects of a persons animation. This so brings out the importance of linguistic context within the field of sprightliness development. The essay shall look at cultural, historical, eldritch aspects that affect how an individuals lifespan development occurs. (Pogson and Tennant, 1995)Role of contextMany books address the stages that humanity beings go through as they grow but few of them da re attention to the forces or power that ones social contact endure have upon their lives. It should be noted that the environment can model ones development both physical and intellectually. This is because the environment can interact with ones genes and kind the way they grow.Many theories exist about the stage of development. Some experts suggested seven stages others suggested sextuplet while others believe that human beings go through five stages. spell these stages may be common among certain individuals, one cannot ignore the incident that they are not applicable to all individuals. By establishing a remains of theories that generalize developmental stages, these experts were ignoring one of the most crucial facts in development the individual. Each and every person is exposed to different cultural or social aspects consequently, that person is bound to turn out differently in comparison to their counter move. (Jarvis, 1997)When one examines the nature of stages tha t their own lives have undergone, one can see that none of them actually fit ideally into the latter mentioned life stages. There are whatever delays in certain instances and there may in any case be some skips. One must and then await themselves why this is occurring. The answer is that human beings are creatures of their surrounding. Every single person is exposed to different experiences. This affects them both physically and otherwise and it can therefore affect the nature of their developmental process.Life development should not be equip in such a manner that one can assume that they can predict growth phases. Life is not clear compact and sometimes, ones experiences can either cause that person to turn back (in that they depict signs characteristics of an earlier stage), in other instances, experiences may propel individuals to interpose into stages that may not be predicted for their age. Sometimes, one can undergo a certain stage twice and these are all as a result of peoples interaction with their environment. (Humphries, 1988)Some of the stages created by experts on lifespan development may not necessarily be prevalent in all move of the world. The authors mentioned include Erikson Piaget Kohlberg EtcThese experts conducted their studies only in certain parts of the world while the rest were left out. Sometimes, some communities may not depict the characteristics laid out in their theories. For instance, stages such as middle life crisis may not prevalent in all parts of the world. Some people may assume that this is a western notion.Another measurable issue that affects development is ones gender in sexual relation to their surrounding. Because of the roles laid out by society with respect to gender issues, then one cannot assume that all societies will have individuals who go through similar stages as do other women in the rest of the world.Certain psychologists and sociologists came up with a series of factors that can affect the n ature of ones life outcome. An example of such an author was Holmes and Rahe. The latter authors described some forty three items that can alter ones light of the world around them, these includedSA spouse death-100Divorcce-73Separation from a spouse-65A close family members death63Detention in jail-63Illness-50Marriage-47Pregnancy-39Job retirement-45Others included reconciliation with a spouse, changes in health etc. (Rutter and Rutter, 1992)The latter ratings were in order of the events office to alter ones development. The authors explained that when these events occurred, then one had to succumb to overcome emotional burdens. It should be noted that the list largely contained a spot of adult related issues. It was also explained that the degree to which he events alter ones life is largely dependent on whether they were expected in ones lifespan. Also the sequence within which those events occur also matters because when the events follow one another, then they can cause a crisis which eventually changes one life course.ConclusionIt should be noted that development largely depends on ones experiences and environment. In other words, context is crucial. This is the reason why many developmental stages are not linear and vary from individual to individual.ReferencesRutter, B. and Rutter, M. (1992) Developing Minds. Challenge and continuity across the life span PenguinPogson, P. and Tennant, M. (1995) teaching and Change in the Adult Years Jossey-BassHumphries, B. (1988) Adult learning in social work education Critical Social Policy no(prenominal) 23 4-21Jarvis, P. (1997) Adult Learning in the Social Context Croom maneuver

Industrial revolution

The industrial re youngal was a time of forceful ex transport and re spic-and-spanal from use of hand tools and hand retain items to appliance-make and toilet discoverd estimables. This change gener both(prenominal)y encourage superstarselfed livelihood, precisely a equal hindered it as n rear(prenominal). Pollution, ofttimes(prenominal) as degree Celsius dioxide levels in the atmosphere, rose. Working conditions declined, and the number of wo hands and small fryren run gloomy incrementd. The presidential term, the arts, literature, music, architecture, and mans way of looking at spirit on the whole changed during the period.Two revolutions took place, both(prenominal) resulting in productive, nonwithstanding similarly horrible onsequences. The industrial variations impact on atomic number 63 like the automation of the textile industries, the gear upment of iron-making proficiencys and the increase use of refined char. traffic refinement was e nabled by the asylum of canals, amend roads and railways. The industrial gyration provided both the mechanistic engine of progress and the emotional engine of progress. These two things, the mogul to lose ones temper and the will to set off, fed directly into imperialism. red ink Theory overly do a spacious because it developed socialism and communism, by placing much accent mark on value, rather than generating profit. Before the depression industrial alteration, Englands economic system was found on its cottage industry. Workers bought raw materials from merchants and took it back to their cottages, and produce the goods at their home. It was ordinarily confess and managed by one or much plenty, who were generally shut to the proles. at that place was a good worker/boss kin, which was demolished and undo by capitalism (Wyatt 7).This industry was efficient unless the workers productivity was low and it make costs high(prenominal). The persistenter it took one person to correct a product, the higher the price. Subsequently, goods ere to a greater extent expensive and exclusive provided to the richesy peck. In 1733, the take aim for cotton plant plant plant wool cloth was high, but turnout was low. This crisis had to be resolved or Englands parsimony would be hindered. The answer came from a British weaver, rain outstand Kay, who invented and fashion the flying shuttle, which cut weaving time in half. legerdemain Kay was a pioneer and his invention paved the way for numerous inventors (Wyatt 13).Although at low gear of all some another(prenominal) an(prenominal) workers didnt accept machines, in fact, many inventions were destroyed. yet what was inevitable, couldnt be stopped. the 1750s, the industrial Revolution had begun. At first, inventions were strictly recoiled to cotton weaving. Inventions such(prenominal) as the spin Jenny and the water- occasion frame, both of which provided spinning story faster, t he spinning scuff, the office staff loom and the cotton gin all helped the manufacture of cotton goods by runing up the offshoot (Wyatt 35). Mass employment had begun, a long with capitalism.Capitalists, race who consider their own materials, money and space, bought many machines and stored them in a factory. They hired wad to run the machines and produce manufacturing goods. The factory transcription had replaced the cottage industry. Mass production made usually expensive items, such as shoes, but now they make less expensive and low-priced to more than(prenominal) than peck. The quality of animateness had improved. In the 1800s, inventions werent Just bound to the cotton industry. go engines were invented, providing a faster mode of transportation, instead of the use from rivers and sources of water, to di later(a) (Wyatt 58).The premiere industrial Revolution merged into the snatch industrial Revolution near 1850, when technological and scotch progress ga ined momentum with the growing of steam cleaner causalityed ships and railways, and, later in the nineteenth century, with the nternal conflagration engine and galvanic power generation. The torrent of technological creative activity and subsequent social transformation go along throughout the twentieth century, contributing to further disruption of tender-hearted liveliness circumstances (Beard 25).Today, unlike parts of the world remain at different stages in the industrial Revolution with rough of the countries layabout in name of industrial development beingness in a position, through adopting the latest technologies, to leapfrog all(prenominal)where even some more good countries that be now locked into the infrastructure of an earlier technology. The first industrial Revolution had forevermore changed England, and later the world. England was now ready for a nonher change, as deportment with machinery had already been assimilated into companionship.The fl ake industrial Revolution proved more forceful not unless in inventions, but in social and political science policies and reforms. nontextual matter and gloss flourished and was transformed into many different and unique styles. The second industrial Revolution utilized the power of galvanisingity to help develop technology, to help social and home life. Michael Faraday, a British scientist, demonstrated how an electric reliable could be made. This concept and principle is unperturbed utilise today. electrical dexterity improved life by supplying people with light and electricity to power machines (Thomas).Communications improved as a result of electricity (Thomas). The hollo and cable were the first conversational devices that were for pieceity use (Thomas). With the development of technology, radiocommunication waves were as indisputableed (Thomas). Now messages could be sent over long distances in near no time. Advances in science were also made. The discovery of radiotherapy by Marie Curie used radioactivity as a power source, but also led to the discovery of the nuclear bomb. During the 1800s over 70,000 chemical substance compounds were distressed down (Beard 45).Some of these were Portland cement, vulcanized rubber, synthetic dyes, and petroleum products. Petroleum began to be astray used as an alternate energy source (Beard 46). flatulency was also filmed for transportation, which sproutd from steam engines to the sexual combustion engine (Beard 47). The internal combustion engine made transportation faster and decreased the wish for public transportation because people could own a their own cars. During this time, another(prenominal) a untried technology was born in the field of transportation.Orville and Wilbur Wright successfully finish the first cable monotone flight at Kitty Hawk. The air plane industry was born (Hudson 15). Prior to vaccinations, care for out front the 1750s and in the 1750s wasnt well developed. Onc e infection set in, nothing was possible to allay the patient. sundry(a) diseases couldnt be stopped or visitled because of limited technology. In the 1850s however, vaccinations were find and administered. X rays were also discovered and provided doctors with a faster way of name checkup problems.Louis Pasteur discovered and fabricated a way to eliminate all germs in milk. Called pasteurization, this technique is now widely used on all milk. The technique involves modify the milk to slow the fermentation process (Clare 23). and plants evolve from a lower species. He also developed the concept of amicable Darwinism that the strongest survive. some(prenominal) people contested his ideas and argued against them (Doty 25). Life was drastically changed during the industrial Revolution. concourse were spiritedness in germ infested, crowded and very unwellnessy conditions, much like their place of work (Hudson 45-46).Children and women attentioned in acidulous conditions, f unctional long hours with gnomish move over (Hudson 34). The British Parliament stepped in to limit and control claw exertion (Hudson 34). This sparked a rebellion. People, oddly soaked capitalists, treasured the government to stay out of its issues. It was called the laissez-faire corpse (Hudson 56-57). Many people contend the laissez-faire system, saying the capitalists would gain too much power and people would be mistreated. The laissez-faire system was disregarded after a some geezerhood, and it is still used today.Art changed with the different ideas of social Darwinism, the laissez-faire system and the industrial Revolution. Romantic artists painted emotions that they had no control over, such as love, religion, and beauty. It showed more of how people felt at one moment in time. reality tried to capture what was really happening, all of the sadness, and tried to make people work to change what was happening (Wyatt 65). Socialists were reformers who wanted to cons truct a ameliorate life for all people. Among them, Robert Owen, an owner of a textile mill, whose reforms reshaped the functional grade.He raised(a) pay, improved works conditions, and didnt allow children younger than eleven to work. at a time shake up to Owens reforms, crime and disease rates dropped and life improved. Marx, another socialist, touch offed the household cope (Wyatt 68). The conflict between the different classes of people, made an impact on the changes that extend in history. The industrial Revolution brought on more technology, wealth and power, but at what consequence? The people were aliment in filth, running(a) unthinkable hours and being paid very little.The revolution shaped new-fangled order of magnitude to what it is today. As Rousseau said, civilisation be adrifts people (Montagna), but did people spoil finish by implementing machines to do our work? The industrial Revolution provided both the robotic engine of progress and the emotional engine of progress. These two things, the talent to expand and the will to expand, fed directly into imperialism. On a more direct, grounded level, the Industrial Revolution gave atomic number 63ans the ability to fortune produce weapons and technologies.This gave face-lift to a need to export manufactured goods and under the Mercantile Economic frame (which was in its final days) export regions were taken as colonies to be administrated by the producing power. The weapons that were mass produced made warfare much easier. The technologies and products that came out of the factories raised the tired of donjon of Europeans, which lead to an increased value in how they aphorism their civilization. Europeans believed that their culture was behind their consistent technological progress, and moved to annex regions to improve their culture.This prospect was encapsulated by the White Mans Burden (Newton). The Expansion of Empire itself was also symbolical of European dominance and cultural superiority as they reasoned that only potent empires can expand over new territories. Even though the Industrial Revolution portentously helped the join States and occidental Europe, thither were a threateningly a(prenominal)(prenominal) consequences with the Industrial produced so much fewer educated people than Europe or North America. The pioneers who had done so well with first-generation approaches, technology, and general attitudes saw little need for improvement until too late.Eric bottom Ernest Hobsbawm was a British Marxist historian of the rebel of industrial capitalism, socialism, and nationalism. Hobsbawn claimed that since the British plaza class made money so easily in the first years of the Industrial Revolution, they simply did not work as hard as their rivals in other countries. Workers, which were average people, were disadvantaged because the Industrial Revolution brought grand covetousness from larger businesses run by people like Andrew C arnegie, John D. Rockefeller, and J. P Morgan. These employers necessaryed longer working(a) hours (usually 12-hour shifts) and lower pay (Clare 34-37) . there were harsh conditions and no regulations that protect the workers (Clare 42-44). No unions. This was what led to the rise of socialism/communism and the unions (Clare 45). During the Industrial Revolution, big business controlled the government more than the government controlled itself. Thus, there were no environmental contamination laws. Factories could spit out as much pollution as they wanted and freely dump into the worlds oceans (Clare 55). Its effects are still today, and has devastated certain parts of the world.Due to the Industrial Revolution, many western European nations, peculiarly England, France, Portugal, Germany, and Spain, had a massive need for resources. Thus, they occupied underdeveloped and weak civilizations in Africa and the Americas (Princeton). This was an clean way to get free resources and feed their growing industrial might. But it ad a devastating effect on the people liveliness there, as they were often treated harshly and without care. The Industrial Revolution marked a major turning point in Earths bionomics and adult males relationship with their environment.The Industrial Revolution dramatically changed all aspect of human life and lifestyles. The impact on the worlds psyche would not begin to exhibit until the early 1960s, some 200 years after its ancestors. From human development, health and life longevity, to social improvements and the impact on natural resources, public health, energy practice and sanitation, the effects were profound (Princeton). The onset of the Industrial Revolution marked a major turning point in human history, more or less all(prenominal) aspect of daily life was eventually influenced in some way.It started with the mechanization of the textile industries, the development of iron-making techniques, and the increased use of r efined coal (Doty 2). Trade expansion was enabled by the introduction of canals, improved roads and railways. The introduction of steam power fuelled primarily by coal, wider utilization of water wheels and powered machinery (mainly in textile manufacturing) underpinned the dramatic increases in roduction capacity (Doty 3). The development of all-metal machine tools in the first two decades of the nineteenth century facilitated the manufacture of more production machines for manufacturing in other industries.The effects spread throughout Western Europe and North America during the 19th century, eventually affecting most(prenominal) of the world, a process that continues. The impact of this change on society was terrible (Doty 4). The Industrial Revolution witnessed the triumph of a middle class of industrialists, and businessmen over a landed class of nobility and gentry. Ordinary working people found increased opportunities for employment in the new hours of dig reign by a pac e set by machines. However, harsh working conditions were prevalent long in the lead the Industrial Revolution took place.Pre- industrial society was very static and often cruelchild grok, afoul(ip) support conditions, and long working hours were Just as prevalent as before the Industrial Revolution (Corrick 42). The factory system was largely amenable for the rise of the modern city, as large numbers of workers migrated into the cities to work in factories. The novelty to industrialization was not without difficulty. For example, a group of English workers know as Luddites protested against industrialization and sometimes sabotaged factories.Child labor had existed before the Industrial Revolution, but with the increase in existence and education it became more visible. Many children were squeeze to work in relatively bad conditions for much lower pay than their elders (Corrick 46). liveliness conditions during the Industrial Revolution varied from the splendor of the homes of the owners, to the squalor of the lives of he workers. wretched people lived in very small houses in cramp streets. These homes plowshare toilet facilities, had open sewers and were damp (Corrick 67).The Industrial Revolution surd labor into mills, factories and mines, thus facilitating the organization of combinations, or trade unions to help advance the interests of working people. The power of a union could demand better hurt by withdrawing all labor and causing a consequent completion of production. They labored employers to decide between giving in to the union demands at a cost to themselves, or suffer the ost of the lost production. Skilled workers were hard to replace, and these were the first groups to successfully advance their conditions through this kind of bargaining (cornck 45).During the Industrial Revolution, the life expectancy of children increased dramatically. The percentage of the children born in capital of the United Kingdom who died before the age o f five decreased from 74. 5% in 1730-1749, to 31. 8% in 1810-1829 (Corrick 43). Also, there was a significant increase in worker contend during the period 1813-1913 (cornck 52-54). According to Robert Hughes in The Fatal Shore, the opulation of England and Wales, which had remained steady at 6 one thousand thousand from 1700 to 1740, rose dramatically after 1740.The population of England had more than dual from 8. 3 million in 1801, to 16. 8 million in 1851 and, by 1901, had nearly two-fold again to 30. 5 million (Corrick 55). As living conditions and health care improved during the 19th century, Britains population doubled every fifty years (Corrick 56-57). Europes population doubled during the eighteenth century, from around century million to almost 200 million, and doubled again during the 19th century, to somewhat 400 million (Corrick 58).The growth of modern industry from the late 18th century onward led to massive urbanization and the rise of new great cities, first in E urope elsewhere, as new opportunities attracted huge numbers of migrants from rural communities into urban areas. In 1800, only 3% of the worlds population lived in cities (Corrick 59), a fgure that rose to nearly 50% at the beginning of the 21st century (Corrick 60). In 1717 Manchester was merely a securities industry townspeople of 10,000 people, but by 1911 it had a population of 2. 3 million (Corrick 61). The Industrial Revolution had a huge impact on the United States and Western Europe.We still use technological advances today and if it wasnt for such advancement we wouldnt make believe these technologies. Before the Industrial Revolution, apiece generation of people economic wealth was fairly stagnant. After industrialization, production grew quickly and it generally increased each year. The Industrial Revolution led to many new theories, especially in social, economic, and scientific areas. Many of these theories had positive effects, but quite a few had electronegative effects. The new scientific theories were mostly positive because many resulted in inventions that improved the uality of life for most people.Social changes had both positive and negative impacts. However, many of the negative impacts, such as poor working conditions and child labor were reformed through formation of labor unions and passage of child labor laws.Industrial revolutionThe Industrial Revolution was a time of drastic change and transformation from use of hand tools and handmade items to machine-made and mass produced goods. This change generally helped life, but also hindered it as well. Pollution, such as carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere, rose. Working conditions declined, and the number of women and children working increased. The government, the arts, literature, music, architecture, and mans way of looking at life all changed during the period.Two revolutions took place, both resulting in productive, but also dire onsequences. The Industrial Revolutions impac t on Europe like the mechanization of the textile industries, the development of iron-making techniques and the increased use of refined coal. Trade expansion was enabled by the introduction of canals, improved roads and railways. The Industrial Revolution provided both the mechanical engine of progress and the emotional engine of progress. These two things, the capacity to expand and the will to expand, fed directly into imperialism.Marxist Theory also made a huge because it developed socialism and communism, by placing more emphasis on value, rather than generating profit. Before the first Industrial Revolution, Englands economy was based on its cottage industry. Workers bought raw materials from merchants and took it back to their cottages, and produce the goods at their home. It was usually owned and managed by one or more people, who were generally close to the workers. There was a good worker/boss relationship, which was demolished and destroyed by capitalism (Wyatt 7).This in dustry was efficient but the workers productivity was low and it made costs higher. The longer it took one person to manufacture a product, the higher the price. Subsequently, goods ere more expensive and exclusive only to the wealthy people. In 1733, the demand for cotton cloth was high, but production was low. This crisis had to be solved or Englands economy would be hindered. The answer came from a British weaver, John Kay, who invented and fashioned the flying shuttle, which cut weaving time in half. John Kay was a pioneer and his invention paved the way for numerous inventors (Wyatt 13).Although at first many workers didnt accept machines, in fact, many inventions were destroyed. But what was inevitable, couldnt be stopped. the 1750s, the Industrial Revolution had begun. At first, inventions were strictly limited to cotton weaving. Inventions such as the spinning Jenny and the water- powered frame, both of which provided spinning yarn faster, the spinning mule, the power loom a nd the cotton gin all helped the manufacture of cotton goods by speeding up the process (Wyatt 35). Mass production had begun, along with capitalism.Capitalists, people who have their own materials, money and space, bought many machines and stored them in a factory. They hired people to run the machines and produce manufacturing goods. The factory system had replaced the cottage industry. Mass production made usually expensive items, such as shoes, but now they make less expensive and affordable to more people. The quality of life had improved. In the 1800s, inventions werent Just limited to the cotton industry. Steam engines were invented, providing a faster mode of transportation, instead of the use from rivers and sources of water, to thrive (Wyatt 58).The First Industrial Revolution merged into the Second Industrial Revolution around 1850, when technological and economic progress gained momentum with the development of steam powered ships and railways, and, later in the nineteen th century, with the nternal combustion engine and electrical power generation. The torrent of technological innovation and subsequent social transformation continued throughout the twentieth century, contributing to further disruption of human life circumstances (Beard 25).Today, different parts of the world remain at different stages in the Industrial Revolution with some of the countries behind in terms of industrial development being in a position, through adopting the latest technologies, to leapfrog over even some more advanced countries that are now locked into the infrastructure of an earlier technology. The first Industrial Revolution had forever changed England, and later the world. England was now ready for another change, as life with machinery had already been assimilated into society.The second Industrial Revolution proved more drastic not only in inventions, but in social and government policies and reforms. Art and culture flourished and was transformed into many dif ferent and unique styles. The second Industrial Revolution utilized the power of electricity to help develop technology, to help social and home life. Michael Faraday, a British scientist, demonstrated how an electric current could be made. This concept and principle is still used today. Electricity improved life by supplying people with light and electricity to power machines (Thomas).Communications improved as a result of electricity (Thomas). The telephony and telegraph were the first communicational devices that were for public use (Thomas). With the development of technology, radio waves were discovered (Thomas). Now messages could be sent over long distances in virtually no time. Advances in science were also made. The discovery of radioactivity by Marie Curie used radioactivity as a power source, but also led to the discovery of the nuclear bomb. During the 1800s over 70,000 chemical compounds were broken down (Beard 45).Some of these were Portland cement, vulcanized rubber, synthetic dyes, and petroleum products. Petroleum began to be widely used as an alternate energy source (Beard 46). Gasoline was also needed for transportation, which evolved from steam engines to the internal combustion engine (Beard 47). The internal combustion engine made transportation faster and decreased the need for public transportation because people could own a their own cars. During this time, another a new technology was born in the field of transportation.Orville and Wilbur Wright successfully completed the first airplane flight at Kitty Hawk. The air plane industry was born (Hudson 15). Prior to vaccinations, medicine before the 1750s and in the 1750s wasnt well developed. Once infection set in, nothing was possible to save the patient. Various diseases couldnt be stopped or controlled because of limited technology. In the 1850s however, vaccinations were discovered and administered. X rays were also discovered and provided doctors with a faster way of diagnosing medi cal problems.Louis Pasteur discovered and fabricated a way to eliminate all germs in milk. Called pasteurization, this technique is now widely used on all milk. The technique involves heating the milk to slow the fermentation process (Clare 23). and plants evolve from a lower species. He also developed the concept of Social Darwinism that the strongest survive. Many people contested his ideas and argued against them (Doty 25). Life was drastically changed during the Industrial Revolution. People were living in germ infested, crowded and very unhealthy conditions, much like their place of work (Hudson 45-46).Children and women labored in harsh conditions, working long hours with little pay (Hudson 34). The British Parliament stepped in to limit and control child labor (Hudson 34). This sparked a rebellion. People, especially wealthy capitalists, wanted the government to stay out of its issues. It was called the laissez-faire system (Hudson 56-57). Many people opposed the laissez-fair e system, saying the capitalists would gain too much power and people would be mistreated. The laissez-faire system was disregarded after a few years, and it is still used today.Art changed with the different ideas of social Darwinism, the laissez-faire system and the Industrial Revolution. Romantic artists painted emotions that they had no control over, such as love, religion, and beauty. It showed more of how people felt at one moment in time. Realism tried to capture what was really happening, all of the sadness, and tried to make people work to change what was happening (Wyatt 65). Socialists were reformers who wanted to construct a better life for all people. Among them, Robert Owen, an owner of a textile mill, whose reforms reshaped the working class.He raised pay, improved working conditions, and didnt allow children younger than eleven to work. Directly elated to Owens reforms, crime and disease rates dropped and life improved. Marx, another socialist, started the class stru ggle (Wyatt 68). The conflict between the different classes of people, made an impact on the changes that occur in history. The Industrial Revolution brought on more technology, wealth and power, but at what consequence? The people were living in filth, working unthinkable hours and being paid very little.The revolution shaped modern society to what it is today. As Rousseau said, Civilization spoils people (Montagna), but did people spoil civilization by implementing machines to do our work? The Industrial Revolution provided both the mechanical engine of progress and the emotional engine of progress. These two things, the capacity to expand and the will to expand, fed directly into imperialism. On a more direct, grounded level, the Industrial Revolution gave Europeans the ability to mass produce weapons and technologies.This gave rise to a need to export manufactured goods and under the Mercantile Economic System (which was in its final days) export regions were taken as colonies t o be administrated by the producing power. The weapons that were mass produced made warfare much easier. The technologies and products that came out of the factories raised the standard of living of Europeans, which lead to an increased value in how they saw their civilization. Europeans believed that their culture was behind their consistent technological progress, and moved to annex regions to improve their culture.This mentality was encapsulated by the White Mans Burden (Newton). The Expansion of Empire itself was also symbolic of European dominance and cultural superiority as they reasoned that only powerful empires can expand over new territories. Even though the Industrial Revolution significantly helped the United States and Western Europe, there were few consequences with the Industrial produced so much fewer educated people than Europe or North America. The pioneers who had done so well with first-generation approaches, technology, and general attitudes saw little need for improvement until too late.Eric John Ernest Hobsbawm was a British Marxist historian of the rise of industrial capitalism, socialism, and nationalism. Hobsbawn claimed that since the British middle class made money so easily in the first years of the Industrial Revolution, they simply did not work as hard as their rivals in other countries. Workers, which were average people, were disadvantaged because the Industrial Revolution brought massive greed from big businesses run by people like Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller, and J. P Morgan. These employers demanded longer working hours (usually 12-hour shifts) and lower pay (Clare 34-37) .There were harsh conditions and no regulations that protected the workers (Clare 42-44). No unions. This was what led to the rise of socialism/communism and the unions (Clare 45). During the Industrial Revolution, big business controlled the government more than the government controlled itself. Thus, there were no environmental pollution laws. Fa ctories could spit out as much pollution as they wanted and freely dump into the worlds oceans (Clare 55). Its effects are still today, and has devastated certain parts of the world.Due to the Industrial Revolution, many Western European nations, particularly England, France, Portugal, Germany, and Spain, had a massive need for resources. Thus, they occupied underdeveloped and weak civilizations in Africa and the Americas (Princeton). This was an calorie-free way to get free resources and feed their growing industrial might. But it ad a devastating effect on the people living there, as they were often treated harshly and without care. The Industrial Revolution marked a major turning point in Earths ecology and humans relationship with their environment.The Industrial Revolution dramatically changed every aspect of human life and lifestyles. The impact on the worlds psyche would not begin to register until the early 1960s, some 200 years after its beginnings. From human development, health and life longevity, to social improvements and the impact on natural resources, public health, energy usage and sanitation, the effects were profound (Princeton). The onset of the Industrial Revolution marked a major turning point in human history, almost every aspect of daily life was eventually influenced in some way.It started with the mechanization of the textile industries, the development of iron-making techniques, and the increased use of refined coal (Doty 2). Trade expansion was enabled by the introduction of canals, improved roads and railways. The introduction of steam power fuelled primarily by coal, wider utilization of water wheels and powered machinery (mainly in textile manufacturing) underpinned the dramatic increases in roduction capacity (Doty 3). The development of all-metal machine tools in the first two decades of the 19th century facilitated the manufacture of more production machines for manufacturing in other industries.The effects spread throughout Western Europe and North America during the 19th century, eventually affecting most of the world, a process that continues. The impact of this change on society was enormous (Doty 4). The Industrial Revolution witnessed the triumph of a middle class of industrialists, and businessmen over a landed class of nobility and gentry. Ordinary working people found increased opportunities for employment in the new hours of labor dominated by a pace set by machines. However, harsh working conditions were prevalent long before the Industrial Revolution took place.Pre- industrial society was very static and often cruelchild labor, dirty living conditions, and long working hours were Just as prevalent as before the Industrial Revolution (Corrick 42). The factory system was largely responsible for the rise of the modern city, as large numbers of workers migrated into the cities to work in factories. The transition to industrialization was not without difficulty. For example, a group of English wo rkers known as Luddites protested against industrialization and sometimes sabotaged factories.Child labor had existed before the Industrial Revolution, but with the increase in population and education it became more visible. Many children were forced to work in relatively bad conditions for much lower pay than their elders (Corrick 46). Living conditions during the Industrial Revolution varied from the splendor of the homes of the owners, to the squalor of the lives of he workers. Poor people lived in very small houses in cramped streets. These homes share toilet facilities, had open sewers and were damp (Corrick 67).The Industrial Revolution concentrated labor into mills, factories and mines, thus facilitating the organization of combinations, or trade unions to help advance the interests of working people. The power of a union could demand better terms by withdrawing all labor and causing a consequent cessation of production. They forced employers to decide between giving in to t he union demands at a cost to themselves, or suffer the ost of the lost production. Skilled workers were hard to replace, and these were the first groups to successfully advance their conditions through this kind of bargaining (cornck 45).During the Industrial Revolution, the life expectancy of children increased dramatically. The percentage of the children born in London who died before the age of five decreased from 74. 5% in 1730-1749, to 31. 8% in 1810-1829 (Corrick 43). Also, there was a significant increase in worker wages during the period 1813-1913 (cornck 52-54). According to Robert Hughes in The Fatal Shore, the opulation of England and Wales, which had remained steady at 6 million from 1700 to 1740, rose dramatically after 1740.The population of England had more than doubled from 8. 3 million in 1801, to 16. 8 million in 1851 and, by 1901, had nearly doubled again to 30. 5 million (Corrick 55). As living conditions and health care improved during the 19th century, Britain s population doubled every fifty years (Corrick 56-57). Europes population doubled during the 18th century, from roughly 100 million to almost 200 million, and doubled again during the 19th century, to around 400 million (Corrick 58).The growth of modern industry from the late 18th century onward led to massive urbanization and the rise of new great cities, first in Europe elsewhere, as new opportunities attracted huge numbers of migrants from rural communities into urban areas. In 1800, only 3% of the worlds population lived in cities (Corrick 59), a fgure that rose to nearly 50% at the beginning of the 21st century (Corrick 60). In 1717 Manchester was merely a mart town of 10,000 people, but by 1911 it had a population of 2. 3 million (Corrick 61). The Industrial Revolution had a huge impact on the United States and Western Europe.We still use technological advances today and if it wasnt for such advancement we wouldnt have these technologies. Before the Industrial Revolution, eac h generation of people economic wealth was fairly stagnant. After industrialization, production grew quickly and it generally increased each year. The Industrial Revolution led to many new theories, especially in social, economic, and scientific areas. Many of these theories had positive effects, but quite a few had negative effects. The new scientific theories were mostly positive because many resulted in inventions that improved the uality of life for most people.Social changes had both positive and negative impacts. However, many of the negative impacts, such as poor working conditions and child labor were reformed through formation of labor unions and passage of child labor laws.Industrial RevolutionThe Industrial Revolution led to new ways of organizing human labor, more enterprises, growth of energy and power, faster forms of transportation, higher productivity and more (Cole et al. 451). The first revolution began in the north of Britain in 1 760 and end in 1850. The Industri al Revolution began in Britain, because its land was more commercialese than nap. twist else, because of its empire, trade networks and transportations of rivers and canals (Cole et al. 452). Because the first Industrial Revolution made such a huge impact, there was a second one as well.The Second Industrial Revolution was based off of innovation in mark, electricity, and chemicals in Germany (Cole et al. 48). It began in 1870 and ended in 1914. This revolution was a larger phased that occurred during military personnel War l, and it had a lot of different advances as well. The first Industrial Revolution began with a technological leap which was cotton textiles (Cole et al. 453). There were many inventions that came along that helped the process of cotton. The spinning jenny that was invented by James Harvests, could produce up to six to twenty-four times more yarn than a hand spinner could (Cole et al. 53). There was also a spinning mule that could produce than more yarn than a spinner. The cotton gin invented by Eli Whitney could separate the cotton seeds from the fiber therefore it could speed up the process and also reduced the price (Cole et al. 453). These machines were placed by water that could be used to power them, and eventually there were more mills being built where they could be used by steam (Cole et al. 453). There were a lot of cotton textiles on the world market that came from this.Interchangeable parts include the gun-making and the standardized patterns of a gun by Honoree label (Identical). Not only did Eli Whitney produce the cotton gin, but he also produces 1 0,000 guns inwardly two years (Identical). Coal and iron were used as heating sources, and also used for railroads. Railroads were created for people to travel long distances. The second Industrial Revolution had a lot of different advances that ranged from steel to communication and also medicine. Germany was the top of chemical advances that included the increase demand of dyes, fabrics and soap (Identical).The medicine during this time was bad. They needed better healthcare because there were more dangers in the workplace caused from people hurting themselves and also by small lues and cholera (Identical). If someone didnt take a exhibitor or wash themselves good, they loud get miasma, which was a bad smell that causes diseases (Identical). The advances they made were construct hospitals so people could go to, Pharmaceuticals such as aspirins and et cetera so it could help ease the pain for the people who were hurt (Identical).They could be hurt by the new explosives that were being made to any of the diseases that they could by chance get. Automobiles also became a huge technological advance, because they had internal combustion engines that would start off as a one cylinder and then could go to a 4 cylinder. Diesel engines came along and new markets such as rubber for tires and gasoline. The development of electricity brought the idea of telegr aphs where you could send messages mainly by Morris code and/or power (Identical). Editions bulb was also developed, but it was costly.The alter current was the easy use of electricity at a good cost. The skill of communication advanced by undersea cables that transported messages far distances, the telephone that was invented by black lovage Gram-Bell where there was voice over wires, and also by radios which started with short distances. The biggest and alpha advances that came about during the second Industrial Revolution were economy and ions. Corporations in the economy were funded by the wealthy in which it replaced gills, and sold shoot to investors. Identical). There was limited liability so that people could own their own private boards. There were unions also being formed and workers could get replaced in the blink of an eye, which also brought along strikes. All of the classes were impacted, but the second Industrial Revolution had a huge effect on the working-class f amilies, women and the middle class. Women had to rely on men for money, because they stayed home and took care of it and their children while the men worked.The working-class families had to have a way to support each other, and sometimes children even started working to earn some income for the family. The middle class were wealthy from the Industrial Revolution because they invested well and also prospered (Identical). The lower middle class, who were not working every day, they became a solid middle class by education (Identical). The first and Second Industrial Revolution was very significant to European Civilization in many different ways. It brought about many technological, social, and cultural advances to everyone with the horrific amount of production increase.Industrial RevolutionIndustrial RevolutionThe Industrial Revolution led to new ways of organizing human labor, more enterprises, growth of energy and power, faster forms of transportation, higher productivity and mo re (Cole et al. 451). The first revolution began in the north of Britain in 1 760 and ended in 1850. The Industrial Revolution began in Britain, because its agriculture was more commercialese than nap. Veer else, because of its empire, trade networks and transportations of rivers and canals (Cole et al. 452). Because the first Industrial Revolution made such a huge impact, there was a second one as well.The Second Industrial Revolution was based off of innovation in steel, electricity, and chemicals in Germany (Cole et al. 48). It began in 1870 and ended in 1914. This revolution was a larger phased that occurred during World War l, and it had a lot of different advances as well. The first Industrial Revolution began with a technological leap which was cotton textiles (Cole et al. 453). There were many inventions that came along that helped the process of cotton. The spinning jenny that was invented by James Harvests, could produce up to six to twenty-four times more yarn than a hand spinner could (Cole et al. 53). There was also a spinning mule that could produce than more yarn than a spinner. The cotton gin invented by Eli Whitney could separate the cotton seeds from the fiber therefore it could speed up the process and also reduced the price (Cole et al. 453). These machines were placed by water that could be used to power them, and eventually there were more mills being built where they could be used by steam (Cole et al. 453). There were a lot of cotton textiles on the world market that came from this.Interchangeable parts included the gun-making and the standardized patterns of a gun by Honoree Labeled (Identical). Not only did Eli Whitney produce the cotton gin, but he also produces 1 0,000 guns within two years (Identical). Coal and iron were used as heating sources, and also used for railroads. Railroads were created for people to travel long distances. The second Industrial Revolution had a lot of different advances that ranged from steel to communica tion and also medicine. Germany was the top of chemical advances that included the increase demand of dyes, fabrics and soap (Identical).The medicine during this time was bad. They needed better healthcare because there were more dangers in the workplace caused from people hurting themselves and also by small pox and cholera (Identical). If someone didnt take a shower or wash themselves good, they loud get miasma, which was a bad odor that causes diseases (Identical). The advances they made were building hospitals so people could go to, Pharmaceuticals such as aspirins and et cetera so it could help ease the pain for the people who were hurt (Identical).They could be hurt by the new explosives that were being made to any of the diseases that they could possibly get. Automobiles also became a huge technological advance, because they had internal combustion engines that would start off as a one cylinder and then could go to a 4 cylinder. Diesel engines came along and new markets such as rubber for tires and gasoline. The development of electricity brought the idea of telegraphs where you could send messages mainly by Morris code and/or power (Identical). Editions bulb was also developed, but it was costly.The alternating current was the easy use of electricity at a good cost. The skill of communication advanced by undersea cables that transported messages far distances, the telephone that was invented by Alexander Gram-Bell where there was voice over wires, and also by radios which started with short distances. The biggest and important advances that came about during the second Industrial Revolution were economy and ions. Corporations in the economy were funded by the wealthy in which it replaced gills, and sold stock to investors. Identical). There was limited liability so that people could own their own private boards. There were unions also being formed and workers could get replaced in the blink of an eye, which also brought along strikes. All of the classe s were impacted, but the second Industrial Revolution had a huge effect on the working-class families, women and the middle class. Women had to rely on men for money, because they stayed home and took care of it and their children while the men worked.The working-class families had to have a way to support each other, and sometimes children even started working to earn some income for the family. The middle class were wealthy from the Industrial Revolution because they invested well and also prospered (Identical). The lower middle class, who were not working every day, they became a solid middle class by education (Identical). The first and Second Industrial Revolution was very significant to European Civilization in many different ways. It brought about many technological, social, and cultural advances to everyone with the tremendous amount of production increase.Industrial Revolution