Basic knowledge of Commercial Bank

There is no guarantee in some(prenominal) realisation securities industry that lenders will be willing and able to fit out every borrower. 3) The Length of Time for Which Funds are Needed round funds sources may be difficult to access immediately such as commercial paper and long-term debt capital. 4) The Size of the Institution that Requires much(prenominal)(prenominal) Funds A denomination often exceeds the borrowing requirements of the sm altogetherest financial institutions. 5) Regulations alte dimensionn the Use of Alternative Funding Sources Federal and state regulations may cumber the amount, frequency, and use of borrowed funds.Basel I represent a one size fits both approach to capital regulation. It failed to recognize that no two banks are equal in term of their risk profiles. Basel II sets up a yester in which capital requirements are more sensitive to risk and protect against more types of risk than has been true under Basel l. Basel II attempts to ensure t hat, consistently, low-risk assets require less(prenominal)(prenominal) capital than high-risk assets, whereas the reverse was often the case with Basel l.There are iv new elements of Basel II 1) Internal guess Assessment 2) Ope proportionalitynal chance 3) Credit Risk Models 4) A Dual Set of Rules. 1) Character The impartword officer must be convinced the customer has a absolved purpose for necessitateing citation and a serious intention to repay. ) Capacity The give officer must be sure the customer has the authority to ask a loanword and the legal standing to sign a covert loan agreement. 3) Cash The loan application centers should assess borrowing customers qualification to generate bounteous cash to repay the loan. ) Collateral In assessing the corroboratory aspect of a loan point, the loan officer must accept whether the borrower possess adequate net worth or own copious quality assets to provide adequate support for the loan. 5) Conditions The loan officer a nd credit analyst must be aware of recent trend in the borrowers nine of work or industry and how changing economic conditions world power affect the loan. 6) Control The control element centers on such questions as whether changes in law and regulation could adversely affect the borrower and whether the loan involve meets the lenders and the regulatory authorities standards for loan quality.The CAMELS is a system utilise by national bank examiners for evaluating the overall condition of a bank based upon the adequateness of its capital, the quality of its asset portfolio, its management quality, the adequacy of its earnings, its liquidity and its sensitivity to market place risk. Depository institutions whose overall CAMELS grade is toward the low, riskier end of the numerical scale-?an overall rating of 4 or 5-?tend to be examined more frequently than the highest-rated institutions, those with ratings of 1,2,or 3. ) extraordinary or unexplained delays in receiving promis ed financial reports and payments or in communication with bank personnel. 2) For business loans, any(prenominal) sudden change in methods use by the borrowing firm to account for depreciation, make pension conception contributions, value inventories, account for taxes, or recognize income. 3) For business loans, restructuring, outstanding debt or eliminating vividness, or experiencing a change in the customers credit rating. 4) wayward changes in the price of a borrowing customers stock. ) Losses in one or more years, especially as measured by returns on the borrowers assets (ROAR), or equity capital (ROE), or earnings before interest and taxes (BIT). 6) indecent changes in the borrowers capital structure (equity/debt ratio), liquidity (current ratio), or activity levels (e. G. , the ratio of sales to inventory). 7) Deviations of actual sales, cash flows, or income from those projected when the loan was requested. 8) out of the blue(predicate) or unexplained changes in custom er deposit balances.Basic cognition of Commercial BankThere is no guarantee in any credit market that lenders will be willing and able to concord every borrower. 3) The Length of Time for Which Funds are Needed any(prenominal) funds sources may be difficult to access immediately such as commercial paper and long-term debt capital. 4) The Size of the Institution that Requires more(prenominal) Funds A denomination often exceeds the borrowing requirements of the smallest financial institutions. 5) Regulations control the Use of Alternative Funding Sources Federal and state regulations may limit the amount, frequency, and use of borrowed funds.Basel I represent a one size fits all approach to capital regulation. It failed to recognize that no two banks are as well in term of their risk profiles. Basel II sets up a yester in which capital requirements are more sensitive to risk and protect against more types of risk than has been true under Basel l. Basel II attempts to ensure that, consistently, low-risk assets require less capital than high-risk assets, whereas the reverse was often the case with Basel l.There are four new elements of Basel II 1) Internal Risk Assessment 2) Operational Risk 3) Credit Risk Models 4) A Dual Set of Rules. 1) Character The loan officer must be convinced the customer has a distinct purpose for requesting credit and a serious intention to repay. ) Capacity The loan officer must be sure the customer has the authority to request a loan and the legal standing to sign a fecundation loan agreement. 3) Cash The loan application centers should assess borrowing customers capacity to generate enough cash to repay the loan. ) Collateral In assessing the corroborative aspect of a loan request, the loan officer must ask whether the borrower possess adequate net worth or own enough quality assets to provide adequate support for the loan. 5) Conditions The loan officer and credit analyst must be aware of recent trend in the borrowers nine o f work or industry and how changing economic conditions might affect the loan. 6) Control The control element centers on such questions as whether changes in law and regulation could adversely affect the borrower and whether the loan request meets the lenders and the regulatory authorities standards for loan quality.The CAMELS is a system used by national bank examiners for evaluating the overall condition of a bank based upon the adequacy of its capital, the quality of its asset portfolio, its management quality, the adequacy of its earnings, its liquidity and its sensitivity to market risk. Depository institutions whose overall CAMELS rating is toward the low, riskier end of the numerical scale-?an overall rating of 4 or 5-?tend to be examined more frequently than the highest-rated institutions, those with ratings of 1,2,or 3. ) eccentric or unexplained delays in receiving promised financial reports and payments or in communication with bank personnel. 2) For business loans, an y sudden change in methods used by the borrowing firm to account for depreciation, make pension end contributions, value inventories, account for taxes, or recognize income. 3) For business loans, restructuring, outstanding debt or eliminating vividness, or experiencing a change in the customers credit rating. 4) Adverse changes in the price of a borrowing customers stock. ) Losses in one or more years, especially as measured by returns on the borrowers assets (ROAR), or equity capital (ROE), or earnings before interest and taxes (BIT). 6) Adverse changes in the borrowers capital structure (equity/debt ratio), liquidity (current ratio), or activity levels (e. G. , the ratio of sales to inventory). 7) Deviations of actual sales, cash flows, or income from those projected when the loan was requested. 8) unpredicted or unexplained changes in customer deposit balances.